Agricultural production systems are facing unprecedented challenges due to rising food demand from a growing global population, increased competition for diminishing natural resources, loss of biodiversity, and the emergence of new pests and diseases—further compounded by the adverse impacts of climate change. Over the next 35 years, agriculture will confront a unique convergence of pressures, including a projected 30% increase in global population, intensified competition for scarce land, water, and energy resources, and the existential threat of climate change. To meet the needs of a population expected to reach 9.3 billion by 2050 and to support evolving dietary patterns, global food production will need to increase from the current 8.4 billion tonnes to nearly 13.5 billion tonnes annually.